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M.Sc Botany short questions and answers   Phycology & Mycology questions and answers 1) Name one group that shows character of pit-plug ultrastructure ? Ans. Rhodophyta. 2) Write the algal classification proposed by Robert Edward Lee (2008) ?  3) Describe in details: endosymbiotic Theory. 4) What is cyanelle and cyanome ? Ans. The glaucophytes are algae that are said to have endosymbiotic cyanobacteria in the cytoplasm instead of chloroplasts.  In the endosymbiotic association that prevails the cyanobacteria is name cyanelle, the host is named cyanome and the association is named syncyanosis. 5) What is amphiesma ? Ans. The collection of cell surface features is called amphiesma, it includes thecal plates, peripheral vesicles & microtubules. 6) What is Stromatolites ? Ans.   Stromatolites  are defined as mineral structures built by microorganisms. The name stromatolite derives from the Greek terms  stroma  (layer) and  litho  (stone...

M. Sc. Botany short questions and answers Microbiology & Immunology questions and answers Very short (1 marks questions) 1) What is viroid ? Mention one disease caused by this agent. Ans.   Viroids are infectious RNA molecules that differ from viruses in that they lack protein. Viroids are small, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that are the smallest known pathogens. They range in size from 246 to 399 nucleotides and show a considerable degree of sequence homology to each other, suggesting that they have common evolutionary roots.  Viroids cause a number of important plant diseases and can have a severe agricultural impact (Figure 9.24). A few well-studied viroids include coconut cadang-cadang viroid ( 246 nucleotides ) and potato spindle tuber viroid ( 359 nucleotides ). No viroids are known that infect animals or microorganisms. 2) What is CFU ?  Ans. Colony Forming Units ( CFU ) : The number of microorganisms that can form colonies when cultured using s...

Plant Anatomy   Introduction    “The study of gross internal structure of plant organs by the technique of section cutting is called  plant anatomy  (ana = asunder ; temnein = to cut)”. Plant Anatomy deals with the study of internal structure of the various organs of the plant. It includes the structure of cell, which makes the basic unit of all living organisms including plants. The cells constitute tissues and their detailed study is called  histology . To study plant anatomy one should be quite familiar with the study of tissues, i.e., histology. In modern days, with the discovery of transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope many interesting features have been discovered. View online plant anatomy notes Download plant anatomy notes Historical Sketch The study of the plant anatomy began in the seventeenth century in the hands of two men who worked quite independently of each other; Marce...